Smart Materials

The speed with which new materials are developed and brought to market today has no precedents in human history. We have available a myriad new materials derived from such traditional ones as wood, ceramics and glass; and we have materials that perfect the performances of the materials of modernity, from steel to plastics. Then there are composite materials of various types and kinds, from the so-called “liquid wood”, a composite of plastics and sub-products of woodworking, to composite’s based on fi bres in a plastic matrix, on which much yacht production is based. Then there are the absolute innovations: materials with almost magical properties; unusual materials for common understanding and experience of what material has so far meant to us. These are the smart materials, which take us into a new era: the era of increasingly light, changing and dynamic material

An Evaluation of Furniture Making Methods for Yachts

There are mainly three different methods of furniture making for yachts as on-site method, mock-up method and computerized method. On-site method is the oldest and traditional way which has been developed by old talented wooden boat builders. In fact, the method is still alive in many small boatyards where the artisans apply the techniques learned by their masters. Mock-up method separates the construction process into two: boat building and furniture making. Hull, bulkheads, engines installation, mechanical and electrical infrastructure, all are made by a boatyard and furnitures are made by a sub- contractor, which indicates the furniture making is a specialization. Computerized method is the advanced way, developed in the last decade. All furnitures are drawn phase by phase by the sub-contractor's design team in detail and after the drawings are approved, production starts. Time planning, a clear definition of work sharing and responsibility are the key issues of this contemporary system. Within the scope of this study, all methods are explained widely. This study depends on an empirical research realized in furniture making companies and boatyards. Knowledge gained by both unstructured observations of making processes and interviews with responsible persons. Data is evaluated by qualitative methods. It is an attempt to understand the case and in line with its complementary understanding approach, a deductions set is given together with the observations and interviews in each making method. Then, four variables are determined to evaluate the furniture making methods: a. boat size and purpose of use, b. equipment and organizational capacity of furniture company, c. making time, and d. tolerance for decision changes. As a conclusion, three different methods of furniture makingdemonstrate three different work scales, but not the quality of end product

THE EVALUATION OF TWO MASTER PROGRAMS CONTRIBUTING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY: IZMIR UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND POLITECNICO DI MILANO

This paper evaluates yacht design master programs in Izmir University of Economics (IUE) and Politecnico di Milano (POLIMI) in terms of where each institution is in the partnership with the industry. Therefore, vision and educational structure of both programs are summarized and projects as the cases are exhibited to understand in which ways each contributes to the development of yacht industry. A table of university - industry links typology prepared by The Innovation Policy Platform is used as a tool for evaluation and both programs are considered as two institutions in collaboration not only to the industry, but also to each other as an example of a collaborative development vision

A multi-resolution methodology for archeological survey: the Pompeii forum

The article reports about a multi-resolution approach developed for the 3D modeling of the entire Roman Forum in Pompei, Italy. The archaeological area, approximately 150 x 80 m, contains more than 350 finds spread all over the forum as well as larger mural structures of previous buildings and temples. The interdisciplinary 3D modeling work consists of a multi-scale image- and range based digital documentation method developed to fulfill all the surveying and archaeological needs and exploit all the potentialities of the actual 3D modeling techniques. Data’s resolution spans from few decimeters down to few millimeters. The employed surveying methodologies have pros and cons which will be addressed and discussed. Preliminary results of the integration of different 3D data in seamlessly textured 3D model, are presented

Risk factors associated with adverse fetal outcomes in pregnancies affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a secondary analysis of the WAPM study on COVID-19.

Objectives To evaluate the strength of association between maternal and pregnancy characteristics and the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with laboratory confirmed COVID-19. Methods Secondary analysis of a multinational, cohort study on all consecutive pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from February 1, 2020 to April 30, 2020 from 73 centers from 22 different countries. A confirmed case of COVID-19 was defined as a positive result on real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens. The primary outcome was a composite adverse fetal outcome, defined as the presence of either abortion (pregnancy loss before 22 weeks of gestations), stillbirth (intrauterine fetal death after 22 weeks of gestation), neonatal death (death of a live-born infant within the first 28 days of life), and perinatal death (either stillbirth or neonatal death). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate parameters independently associated with the primary outcome. Logistic regression was reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Mean gestational age at diagnosis was 30.6+/-9.5 weeks, with 8.0% of women being diagnosed in the first, 22.2% in the second and 69.8% in the third trimester of pregnancy. There were six miscarriage (2.3%), six intrauterine device (IUD) (2.3) and 5 (2.0%) neonatal deaths, with an overall rate of perinatal death of 4.2% (11/265), thus resulting into 17 cases experiencing and 226 not experiencing composite adverse fetal outcome. Neither stillbirths nor neonatal deaths had congenital anomalies found at antenatal or postnatal evaluation. Furthermore, none of the cases experiencing IUD had signs of impending demise at arterial or venous Doppler. Neonatal deaths were all considered as prematurity-related adverse events. Of the 250 live-born neonates, one (0.4%) was found positive at RT-PCR pharyngeal swabs performed after delivery. The mother was tested positive during the third trimester of pregnancy. The newborn was asymptomatic and had negative RT-PCR test after 14 days of life. At logistic regression analysis, gestational age at diagnosis (OR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.8-0.9 per week increase; pPeer reviewe

Risk Factors Associated with Adverse Fetal Outcomes in Pregnancies Affected by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Secondary Analysis of the WAPM study on COVID-19

To evaluate the strength of association between maternal and pregnancy characteristics and the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with laboratory confirmed COVID-19. Secondary analysis of a multinational, cohort study on all consecutive pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from February 1, 2020 to April 30, 2020 from 73 centers from 22 different countries. A confirmed case of COVID-19 was defined as a positive result on real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens. The primary outcome was a composite adverse fetal outcome, defined as the presence of either abortion (pregnancy loss before 22 weeks of gestations), stillbirth (intrauterine fetal death after 22 weeks of gestation), neonatal death (death of a live-born infant within the first 28 days of life), and perinatal death (either stillbirth or neonatal death). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate parameters independently associated with the primary outcome. Logistic regression was reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Mean gestational age at diagnosis was 30.6\ub19.5 weeks, with 8.0% of women being diagnosed in the first, 22.2% in the second and 69.8% in the third trimester of pregnancy. There were six miscarriage (2.3%), six intrauterine device (IUD) (2.3) and 5 (2.0%) neonatal deaths, with an overall rate of perinatal death of 4.2% (11/265), thus resulting into 17 cases experiencing and 226 not experiencing composite adverse fetal outcome. Neither stillbirths nor neonatal deaths had congenital anomalies found at antenatal or postnatal evaluation. Furthermore, none of the cases experiencing IUD had signs of impending demise at arterial or venous Doppler. Neonatal deaths were all considered as prematurity-related adverse events. Of the 250 live-born neonates, one (0.4%) was found positive at RT-PCR pharyngeal swabs performed after delivery. The mother was tested positive during the third trimester of pregnancy. The newborn was asymptomatic and had negative RT-PCR test after 14 days of life. At logistic regression analysis, gestational age at diagnosis (OR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.8-0.9 per week increase; p<0.001), birthweight (OR: 1.17, 95% CI 1.09-1.12.7 per 100 g decrease; p=0.012) and maternal ventilatory support, including either need for oxygen or CPAP (OR: 4.12, 95% CI 2.3-7.9; p=0.001) were independently associated with composite adverse fetal outcome. Early gestational age at infection, maternal ventilatory supports and low birthweight are the main determinants of adverse perinatal outcomes in fetuses with maternal COVID-19 infection. Conversely, the risk of vertical transmission seems negligible

Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Objectives To evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnancies affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods This was a multinational retrospective cohort study including women with a singleton pregnancy and laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, conducted in 72 centers in 22 different countries in Europe, the USA, South America, Asia and Australia, between 1 February 2020 and 30 April 2020. Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined as a positive result on real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasopharyngeal swab specimens. The primary outcome was a composite measure of maternal mortality and morbidity, including admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), use of mechanical ventilation and death. Results In total, 388 women with a singleton pregnancy tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 on RT-PCR of a nasopharyngeal swab and were included in the study. Composite adverse maternal outcome was observed in 47/388 (12.1%) women; 43 (11.1%) women were admitted to the ICU, 36 (9.3%) required mechanical ventilation and three (0.8%) died. Of the 388 women included in the study, 122 (31.4%) were still pregnant at the time of data analysis. Among the other 266 women, six (19.4% of the 31 women with first-trimester infection) had miscarriage, three (1.1%) had termination of pregnancy, six (2.3%) had stillbirth and 251 (94.4%) delivered a liveborn infant. The rate of preterm birth before 37 weeks' gestation was 26.3% (70/266). Of the 251 liveborn infants, 69/251(27.5%) were admitted to the neonatal ICU, and there were five (2.0%) neonatal deaths. The overall rate of perinatal death was 4.1% (11/266). Only one (1/251, 0.4%) infant, born to a mother who tested positive during the third trimester, was found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 on RT-PCR. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women is associated with a 0.8% rate of maternal mortality, but an 11.1% rate of admission to the ICU. The risk of vertical transmission seems to be negligible. (C) 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.Peer reviewe